Macbeth: Character Map
Macbeth: Roles
Macbeth | Scottish nobleman, general | baritone |
Lady Macbeth | Macbeth’s wife | soprano |
Banco (Banquo) | Scottish General | bass |
Macduff | Lords of Scotland | tenor |
Malcolm | Son of King Duncan | tenor |
Duncano (Duncan) | King of Scotland | Silent |
Fleanzio (Fleance) | Son of Banco | Silent |
- Native title: Macbeth
- Composers: Giuseppe Verdi
- Librettist: Francesco Maria Piave, Andrea Maffei
- Based on: Macbeth by Shakespeare
- Language: Italian
- Premiere: March 14, 1847, Teatro della Pergola, Florence
Apri 21, 1865, Théâtre Lyrique, Paris - Running time: 2 hours 20 minutes (Act 1: 50 minutes, Act 2: 30 minutes, Act 3: 25 minutes, Act 4: 35 minutes)
Macbeth: Summary
Macbeth and Banco both hear a prophecy from the witches. They were “Macbeth will be king” and “Banco will be the father of kings.”
Macbeth and Lady Macbeth kill the King of Scotland. Macbeth becomes king. However, he starts to worry about it “Banco will be the father of kings.” He tries to kill Banco and his child, but only Banco.
Once again, Macbeth goes to ask the witches for a prophecy. There are three prophecies.
- Beware of Macduff.
- If you can be bloody and fierce, no man born of a woman will harm you.
- As long as the forest of Barnum does not move against you, you are invincible.
As soon as Macbeth heard the prophecy, he had a vision in which a descendant of Banquo appeared and became the future king.
Lady Macbeth sleepwalked and died of a guilty conscience. Macbeth loses a battle with Macduff and dies.
Macbeth: Act1, Synopsis
Scene1
Scotland, in the woods
In lightning and thunder, witches appear one after another.
Witches
“What are you doing? Tell me.”
“I cut the throat of a wild boar.”
“The sailor’s wife sent me away, so I’m going to sink the ship.”
(drums beating)
Macbeth is coming. Wandering sisters. We wander in the sky and we wander in the sea. We are a circle. We go to the land and the sea.
Che faceste?
Macbeth and Banco appear in the forest.
I have never seen a more proud and beautiful day.
Giorno non vidi mai si fiero e bello!
No day has been more glorious.
They find the witches.
Who are you?
Witches
“Long live Macbeth, Lord of Glamis.”
“Long live Macbeth, Lord of Cawdor.”
“Long live Macbeth, King of Scots.”
Salve, o Macbetto
Macbeth shuddered.
(whispering to Macbeth) Are you trembling with joy?
(To the witches) Tell me the future, too.
Witches
“You’ll be even greater than Macbeth.”
“Not as great as Macbeth, but happier than him.”
“You will not be a king, but the parent of a king.”
The witches leave.
Your son will be a king.
You will be king before my son.
A messenger comes to them.
Messenger
Lord Macbeth. The King has chosen you to be Lord of Cawdor.
But the lords would still be supporting the king.
Messenger
No, he died on the executioner’s table by law.
Hell has told us the truth!
(In a fearful whisper) Two prophecies have already come true. The third promised me the throne. But why does my hair stand on end? Where does the idea of blood come from? I will not force my hand on the crown that fate has given me.
Due vaticini compiuti or sono
Macbeth is proud of his hopes for the throne. But the wicked spirits of hell are deceitful, telling the truth. And curses us and abandons us to the depths.
Macbeth, Banco, and the messenger leave, and the witches appear again.
Witches
They are gone. We shall have a witches’ feast and wait for the fulfillment of our destiny. After a while, Macbeth will laugh. And we will tell him the prophecy again.
Scene2
Macbeth’s castle
Lady Macbeth is holding a letter.
(Letter from Macbeth) On the day of my victory, I met the witches and listened to them. When I received the King’s messenger, I became Lord of Cawdor, and the prophecy came true. The same prophet foretold that I would wear the crown. Keep this secret close to your heart.
You are an ambitious soul, yearning for greatness. But can you be wicked?
Hurry up! I will give you the courage to carry out your daring plans. The prophet has promised you the throne of Scotland. Accept the gift and you will be on the throne.
Nel dì della vittoria… Vieni t’affretta!
The servants entered the room.
Servant
King Duncan will be here tonight. Lord Macbeth is accompanying him.
Make ready to receive your king.
…that King Duncan would come here! At night!
Rise, a messenger of hell. Stain his crown with blood. Hide the dagger that pierces your breast from sight in the impenetrable darkness.
Ministri infernali
Macbeth enters the room.
My wife, you will soon meet the King.
When will the King leave here?
Tomorrow.
The sun will not bring such a tomorrow.
What do you mean? … I know what you’re thinking. What if it doesn’t work?
You won’t fail. If you can do it, without hesitation.
Gradually, the music announcing the arrival of the King is heard.
The King is here. You are to join me in welcoming the King.
The arrival of the King. The King passes through the hall accompanied by Banco, Macduff, Malcolm, Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, and their retinue.
Macbeth and his servant.
Tell my wife. When the nightcap is ready, ring the bell.
The servant has left and Macbeth is alone.
I have a dagger in front of me. If it is not an illusion, I will stab the king with the dagger. I haven’t done anything yet, but I see a bloody illusion. My thoughts take shape and become facts.
(Bell tolling)
It has been decided. The sound of bells beckons me. Don’t listen to it, Duncan. That tone is calling you to heaven or hell.
Mi si affaccia un pugnal!
Macbeth enters the room where the king is. Outside the room, Lady Macbeth appears.
Finally, the king fell asleep. What a sorrow. The owl is responding to the tragic farewell.
Regna il sonno su tutti
Macbeth’s voice from the king’s room.
Who’s there?
What if the king wakes up before the fatal blow is struck?
Macbeth returns with the dagger in his hand.
I’ve done everything. The woman of my fate. Didn’t you hear something murmuring?
Fatal mia donna! un murmure
I heard the hooting of an owl. Isn’t the rest your voice?
Me?
Who’s sleeping in the next room?
Son of the King.
Terrible. What a sight.
Avert your eyes.
I heard a voice in my chest. “You have killed sleep forever. You will be left with nothing but sleepless nights.”
Do you hear another voice? “You’re conceited, but you lack courage. Will you falter and quit?”
Revenge. The Angel of Wrath will thunder down upon me. I hear the holy virtues of King Duncan.
(His soul is trembling and cowering. Who will call him unyielding?)
Put the dagger back in the room, please. Let the bloody guards take the blame.
I can’t get into the room.
Give me the dagger.
Lady Macbeth takes the dagger from Macbeth’s hand and enters the room. A pounding on the castle door.
Every sound frightens me. These hands! Even the ocean can’t wash these hands away.
Lady Macbeth returns.
My hands got dirty, too. A little sprinkle of water will clean them up. No matter what it is, everything is forgotten.
A pounding on the door.
Do you hear that? The sound has doubled.
Let’s get out of here. We have to wipe away all suspicion of this murder. Come to your senses. Macbeth. Don’t let your petty fears get the better of you.
Lady Macbeth leaves the room, dragging Macbeth with her.
Macduff and Banco came to wake the king.
It’s horrible. Look at the room. It’s a crime. Betrayal!
Hearing the commotion, people gathered around.
What’s all the fuss about?
King Duncan has been murdered.
All
Great God. God who sees into all hearts. We seek your counsel to tear down the veil of darkness. Mark the faces of sinners as you did the first murderers.
O gran Dio, che ne’ cuori penetri
The Mark of Cain… After the first murder, in which the older brother Cain kills the younger brother Abel, Cain is sent to a remote area. Cain feared that the exiled landsmen would kill him, so Yahweh made an imprint on Cain’s forehead and told the landsmen, “Whoever kills Cain will be avenged sevenfold.”
Macbeth: Act2, Synopsis
Scene1
A room in the castle
Macbeth is lost in thought, and Lady Macbeth is watching him.
Why are you running away from me? What happened can’t be undone. Duncan’s son suddenly crossed over to England and is known as the parent killer. The throne is now empty and has been entrusted to you.
But the spirit women foretold that Banco would be the father of kings. Will his son reign? Is that what Duncan died for?
Indeed, Banco and his son are still alive, but…
Blood has to be spilled. It’s tonight. Banco. You will open your kingdom in the next life.
Macbeth leaves the room.
The light of the day that runs forever through the sky fades and the light fades away. Let the longing night veil the hand of hurtful sin.
La luce langue, il faro spegnesi
Scene2
Outside the castle
The assassins are waiting for Banquo and his son.
Assassins
“Who wants us to gather here?”
“Macbeth.”
“To kill Banquo.”
“He’s coming through here with his son.”
The sun is gone. Night reigns malice and bloodshed. Let us wait for them in silence. Tremble, Banquo. You will have the tip of the knife at your side.
Sparve il sol… la notte or regni
The assassins hide. Banco and his son approach the park.
Be careful, my son. Let’s get out of this dark place. I have a bad feeling and a suspicion. It’s as if shadows are falling from the sky, growing darker and darker. It was on a similar night that King Duncan was killed.
Studia il passo, o mio figlio
They are attacked by assassins.
Run, son. We’ve been tricked.
His son flees, pursued by assassins.
Scene3
A dining hall in the castle
A banquet to celebrate Macbeth’s inauguration as king.
All
Long live the king. Long live the queen.
I welcome you all. I will ask my wife to propose a toast.
We will fill your cup with the best wine. Joy is born, and suffering disappears. Hatred and contempt fly away, and there is only love here.
Si colmi il calice di vino eletto
All
Joy is born, and suffering disappears.
One of the assassins appears from the side door of the great hall. Macbeth approaches the assassin.
There’s blood on your face.
Assassin
It’s Banco’s blood.
Well done. But did you kill his son?
Assassin
He escaped. Banco is dead.
Macbeth signals for him to leave and the assassin leaves. Lady Macbeth calls out to Macbeth.
Who will keep you from the joy of the feast?
Banco is missing. That brave man is the one who deserves to close the banquet.
He said he was coming, but he hasn’t, has he?
I’ll sit in his place.
Macbeth goes to take a seat, but the ghost of Banco is sitting in his place.
Who did this?
All
What is he talking about?
(To the ghost) Don’t say it. Don’t tell them I did it. Don’t wave your bloody hair around at me.
All
Macbeth is crazy. Let us leave.
Please wait. He’s sick for a moment. (Whispering to Macbeth) You’re a man, aren’t you?
I am. If I see something so horrible that it threatens my soul… there, can’t you see it?
(To the ghosts) O you who shake your hair, can the grave save the slain?
The ghosts disappear.
(Whispering to Macbeth) You’re insane.
My eyes looked at him.
(In a strong tone) Sit down. Our guest is grieving. We are to awaken their joy.
Forgive me, everyone. Let the happy toast sound again. Don’t forget that Banco is far away.
We will fill your cup with the best wine. Joy is born, and suffering disappears. Hatred and contempt fly away, and there is only love here.
For Banco’s sake! For the warrior flower, the hero of Scotland.
Si colmi il calice di vino eletto
The ghosts reappear.
Depart, souls of the abyss! Let the earth swallow you up. Let your bones burn.
All
Horrible!
I am brave. Even if you were a tiger or a lion and attacked me, you would not see Macbeth tremble. Go away.
The ghosts disappear.
(whispering to Macbeth) It’s disgraceful.
The ghosts want my blood. And so it will be. Let the witch break the veil of the future.
O, foolish soul! Your fear has created a ghost. The crime is over. Those who are dead cannot return.
A horrible mystery. I will leave this land. It is now ruled by a cursed hand, and only the guilty can dwell here.
All
A horrible mystery. He was talking to a ghost. This place has become a den of thieves.
Macbeth: Act3, Synopsis
The witches’ cave
Inside the dark cave, a boiling cauldron was placed in the center.
Witches
“Three times the cat purred maniacally.”
“Three times the lamprey moans.”
“Three times the porcupine cries in the storm.”
Now is the time. Stir the cauldron.
Tre volte miagola la gatta in fregola
Macbeth comes into the cave.
(To his men at the entrance of the cave) Wait in silence until I call out to you.
(To the witches) What are you doing? Mysterious women.
Witches
(Solemnly) It’s a job with no name.
I would like to ask you to do something hellish for me. Even if it means restarting the ancient war between heaven and earth to learn my fate.
Witches
From the unknown, we will be able to hear. Can I ask our master?
Summon them. If they will help me solve the dark mysteries of my future.
Witches
Wandering souls, ascend, descend.
A bolt of lightning flashed, and a vision of a helmeted figure emerged from the ground.
Illusion #1
Beware of Macduff.
I had my doubts about him, but I’ll keep an eye out for him. Just one word…
The apparition disappears. Thunder rumbles, and a vision of a child covered in blood appears.
Illusion #2
If you can be bloody and fierce, no one born of a woman will harm you.
The second vision disappears.
Macduff. I forgive you for your life. No, you will die. Your death will serve as a double defense.
Lightning and lightning strikes. A vision of a child holding a sapling wearing a crown.
What are lightning and thunder? A child wearing a king’s crown!
Illusion #3
As long as the forest of Barnum does not start moving towards you, you are invincible.
The illusion disappears.
It’s a happy prophecy. Even with magic, the forest has never moved.
(To the witch) Now, tell me if any of Banquo’s descendants will take my throne.
Witches
Don’t probe.
I want to know. If you don’t tell me, my sword will come down on you.
The cauldron that had been placed in the center of the cave disappears underground. An eerie sound echoes.
Witches
Come forth and vanish like a mist.
The eight kings pass by one after another. Finally, Banco appears with a mirror in his hand.
(To the first king) Go away, royal ghost. You remind me of Banquo. (To the second king) Scary apparition. Are there more of them?
Three, four, five. Terrible. In the hand of the last one, a mirror shines. In that mirror, the new king is reflected, isn’t he? Banco, oh, what a horrible sight. Do you point at them and laugh at me?
Die, doomed offspring!
Macbeth draws his sword, lunges at the apparition, and then stops.
Do they still have no life in them?
(To the witch) Will they live?
Witches
They will live.
I’ve lost.
Macbeth faints.
Witches
He fainted! Spirit, regain the fainting king’s mind.
The spirits circle the fainting Macbeth, and the witches sing.
Witches
Ondine and Sylph, send the wind in his face with your white wings.
Ondine e Silfidi
Spirits and witches disappear.
Macbeth, who had been unconscious, wakes up.
Where am I? Oh, will I be cursed for centuries to come?
Messenger
The queen is coming this way.
I finally found you. What have you been up to?
I questioned the witch again.
And what did they tell you?
Be careful with Macduff. If you can stay bloody and fierce, no one born of a woman can hurt you. As long as the forest of Barnum does not move against you, you are invincible.
But the lineage of Banco has emerged. And it will reign.
It’s a lie. Death and extermination for the unjust!
That’s right. Death. We will burn Macduff’s fortress. And his wife and child.
Let’s find Banco’s son and let him die.
Macbeth and Lady Macbeth
It’s time for death and revenge. The roar echoes and reverberates throughout the world. The fate is marked. A crime must be committed. For it is in the blood that this plan was begun.
Ora di morte e di vendetta
Macbeth: Act4, Synopsis
Scene1
Near the border between England and Scotland
Wilderness. In the distance is the forest of Burnham. There are Scottish refugees and Macduff.
Refugees
My oppressed homeland. We cannot even have our beloved name, our mother’s name. All the children have gone to their graves. Whenever the sun rises anew, a cry goes up, and the heavens grieve. O oppressed country, in every sorrow you will hear the tolling of the bell for the dead.
Patria oppressa!
My sons, my sons were all killed by that tyrant. Their unfortunate mother too, along with her children.
In the hands of this father, there was no shield to protect you from the evil assassin. I went into exile and hid myself, and my children called to me in vain. Bring that tyrant before me.
Ah, la paterna mano
Malcolm, King Duncan’s son, appears, leading the British soldiers.
Malcolm went into exile in England soon after King Duncan’s death.
Malcolm
Where are we? What’s the name of that forest?
All
Barnum’s Woods.
Malcolm
Each of you must bring a branch and hide in front of it.
(To Macduff) Take solace in vengeance.
He has no children.
Malcolm
Pick up your weapon and follow me.
Malcolm and Macduff pick up their swords.
All
My betrayed homeland calls to me. Brothers! O oppressed ones! Let us fight to save them.
La patria tradita piangendo ne invita!
Scene2
Macbeth’s castle
At night, the doctor and the maidservant hide in a corner of the room.
Doctor
I’ve been monitoring you for two nights now for nothing.
Maid
Lady Macbeth appears.
Lady Macbeth appears with a lamp in her hand.
Doctor
How wide she opened her eyes!
Maid
Still, she couldn’t see anything.
Lady Macbeth puts down the lamp, rubs her hands, and makes a motion to turn something off.
Doctor
Why is she rubbing her hands?
Maid
She thinks she’s washing it.
The stain is still there… it’s telling me to leave, be damned.
The time has come. Are you trembling? You dare not enter the room? I can’t believe there are such cowardly warriors. I’m ashamed of you.
Who would have thought that so much blood would come out of that old man (King Duncan)?
Una macchia è qui tuttora
(Looking at my hands) Will I never know how to wash these hands?
It’s night. Now go. Get rid of them. Banco is dead. No man rises again from the grave.
You can’t undo what’s been done. Let’s go. Macbeth. Let’s be careful not to let people notice our pale complexion.
Doctor and Maid
O God, pity her.
Scene3
A room in the castle
Macbeth is alone in his room.
How dare you, wicked one, join forces with England?
The prophecy said. “If you can be bloody and fierce, no one born of woman will harm you.”
Mercy, respect, love. Such comforts will not blossom in the time when I am going gray. On my royal headstone, there will be only words of cursing, even if I wish for kind words. It will be a song of condolence.
Pietà, rispetto, amore
A maid comes running into the room.
Maid
The queen (Lady Macbeth) is dead!
(With indifference and disdain) Life. What does it matter? It is the nonsense of the foolish.
The maidservant leaves and the soldiers report in.
Soldiers
Barnum’s Woods is on the move.
Oh, the prophecy of hell, I am disappointed. Pick up your weapon, death or glory!
Soldiers
Weapons! Death or glory!
The sound of trumpets. A vast plain appears, surrounded by hills and forests. There are soldiers, each carrying a tree branch as they slowly advance.
Scene4
The battlefield
Macbeth is being chased by Macduff.
You killed my child. I’ve come to see you.
Leave. No one born of a woman can kill me.
I was not born, I was torn apart. I was dragged out of my mother’s womb.
What is it?
The two wield swords, fight and leave the stage. Malcolm is leading the British soldiers. Behind him are the prisoners of Macbeth’s army.
Malcolm
Where did he run off to? That usurper.
There he is. He was stabbed by me.
(gets down on one knee) Long live the King.
All
Long live the king. Macbeth, where is he? Where is the usurper? Struck down in a single breath by the god of victory.
(To Macduff) He is a brave hero. He made the traitor disappear. He saved his country and his king. Honor and glory!
Salve, o re!
Let us surrender ourselves to the King. Our love has returned. May the dawn give you peace and glory.
Malcolm
Trust me, Scotland. The oppressors are gone. Let our joy be eternal, for we have won.