Madame Butterfly is an opera set in Nagasaki, Japan. It uses melodies from traditional Japanese music and folk songs. On the advice of the wife of the Italian minister to Japan at the time, Puccini was able to incorporate Japanese culture and customs into the opera. Among the highlights of Madame Butterfly are “Un bel dì, vedremo” (One fine day we shall see), “Coro a bocca chiusa” (Humming Chorus).
Madama Butterfly, Opera: Character Map
Madama Butterfly, Opera: Roles
Cio-Cio-san(Madama Butterfly) | Geisha | soprano |
B.F. Pinkerton | Lieutenant in the United States Navy | tenor |
Sharpless | United States consul at Nagasaki | baritone |
Suzuki | Butterfly’s maid | mezzo-soprano |
Goro | a matchmaker | tenor |
The Bonze, Lo zio Bonzo | Butterfly’s uncle, Buddhist monk | bass |
Kate Pinkerton | Pinkerton’s wife | mezzo-soprano |
Prince Yamadori, Il Principe Yamadori | The rich man | tenor |
- Native title: Madama Butterfly
- Language: Italian
- Composers: Giacomo Puccini
- Librettist: Luigi Illica, Giuseppe Giacosa
- Based on: Madame Butterfly by John Luther Long
- Premiere: February 17, 1904, La Scala, Milan
- Running time: 2 hours 20 minutes (Act 1: 50 minutes, Act 2: 50 minutes, Act 3: 40 minutes)
Madama Butterfly, Opera: Summary
Pinkerton buys Butterfly to marry. It is a playful marriage for him, but a serious one for her.
Pretty girl, you are mine now. You are dressed like a lily. You are beautiful.
It has been three years since Pinkerton left Japan.
He will surely return. He said he would come back with roses when the robins had their chicks.
Pinkerton married in the U.S. and returned to Japan. He had no intention of meeting Butterfly. However, he decides to meet her because she gave birth to his child. He visits her home with his wife and Sharpless, but when he learns the consequences of his past indiscretions, he leaves without seeing her. Butterfly finds a strange woman in his garden. She understands the cruel reality.
Sweet boy. You are the child of the lily and the rose. I choose to die for you.
Madama Butterfly, Opera: Act1, Synopsis
A house on a hill overlooking a cove
Goro gives Pinkerton a tour of the house.
Where can I use it as a couples’ bedroom?
Goro
Use this room or that room as you wish.
Sharpless appears.
It’s a nice view, but it’s a steep hill. Do you own this house?
I bought this house. It is a Japanese style contract, renewable monthly, and I can break it whenever I want.
We Yankees go all over the world and enjoy making love to beautiful women. This marriage is a Japanese style marriage. It’s an easy one, with the condition that I can break it off whenever I want.
Dovunque al mondo
That is a rash thought. Is your bride beautiful?
Goro
She is a very beautiful bride. And very inexpensive. I can get you a bride too.
No, thank you. Are you serious about this marriage?
I don’t know. She looks and acts beautiful and is as pretty as a butterfly. I want to catch her.
It would be cruel to make her sad. Here’s to your far-flung family.
To the day when I really marry my American bride. Cheers to that!
Madama Butterfly appears with her friends.
Madama Butterfly friends
Oh, beautiful sky, beautiful sea!
Ah! Quanto cielo!
I am the happiest girl in Japan and the world. I came to answer the call of love.
She bows to Pinkerton.
It’s a very strange greeting.
Do you have a family?
I am the daughter of a samurai family. My family was ruined, so I became a geisha. My family includes my mother. My father died.
(whispers to Sharpless) Her doll-like behavior turns me on.
How old are you?
I am 15 years old. That’s old enough.
It is the age of innocent play.
Her relatives and officers appear. They greet Pinkerton and leave the courtyard.
Come here, my love.
Excuse me for a moment. There is a package in the sleeve of my kimono. It is a mirror and a fan. This small box is sacred, so I will take it with me.
She leaves with a small box.
What is that small box?
Goro
The box is said to contain a gift from the emperor to her father.
He makes a gesture of cutting his stomach and leaves. She returns.
I went to church yesterday. I believe in a new faith for a new life. My family does not know about it. I am willing to forget my family for your sake.
They have a Japanese wedding ceremony. Sharpless leaves. The banquet begins.
We are a family now. Let’s all have a toast.
The Bonze appears.
The Bonze
Why did you go to church? You have abandoned the faith! Since you have forsaken us, we have no choice but to disassociate ourselves from you!
Stop. Get out of here.
The Bonze leaves with people in tow. She cries.
Don’t cry. There is no need for you to shed tears. Evening comes.
Viene la sera
Even though my family has abandoned me, I am happy because of you.
She changes from the bridal gown to an evening gown.
Beautiful clothes are hard to change into.
She unties the knot. My bride. She awakens my passion.
They look at the night sky.
Pretty girl, you are mine now. You are dressed like a lily. You are beautiful.
Bimba dagli occhi pieni di malìa
Please love me. Give me a little love like a baby. A little love is just right for me.
Madama Butterfly, Opera: Act2, Synopsis
Butterfly’s house
It has been three years since Pinkerton left Japan.
Pinkerton will return.
Suzuki
But no foreign husband has ever returned.
Shut up! I will kill you. He will surely return. He said he would come back with roses when the robins had their chicks. Come on, you too, say it out loud. He will come back.
Suzuki
He’ll be back.
One fine day he will return. I will stay hidden. Lest I die of joy when I see him again.
Un bel dì, vedremo
In the garden, Goro and Sharpless come to visit.
Madame Butterfly.
I’m Madame Pinkerton. Welcome to the American family.
I received a letter addressed to me from Pinkerton.
How happy I am! I have a question for you. He promised me he would come back when the robins were ready to nest. The robins have nested three times in Japan, but not yet in the U.S.?
Goro is laughing. She glares at him.
I do not know. But I want to talk to you about something else.
Please listen to me. Goro is encouraging me to marry another man.
Goro
I introduced her to a rich man. She has been abandoned by her relatives and is poor.
Yamadori enters the garden.
Have you given up on me? You have had many wives, so you must be fine, right?
Prince Yamadori
I am single now.
I have a husband.
Goro
She believes that she is still married to him.
Divorce is easy in Japan, but not in the United States. I follow American law. Oh, let’s get some tea for my guest.
She leaves.
Goro
The ship with Pinkerton aboard has arrived, right?
Prince Yamadori
She will see him.
He does not want to see her again.
She returns with tea.
How annoying they are.
Goro and Yamadori leave.
We are alone now. Let’s read his letter.
My friend, look for my flower girl. Three years have passed and she will not remember me. If she still loves me…
What if he never comes back?
Legger con me volete questa lettera
Return to the path of the geisha or die.
It is pitiful to separate you from your false illusions, but accept the rich man’s proposal.
I have his child! He does not know his son.
She brings her child.
I’m going into town with you in my arms to ask for food. And I’ll go back to be a geisha for you. No, I’ll never do a dishonorable job again! Then I’ll die.
Che tua madre dovrà
I will tell him about the child.
Sharpless leaves. Suzuki catches Goro.
Goro
I heard that children born cursed are rejected in America.
Liar! I’ll kill you!
She swings her dagger and kicks him. He runs away. The sound of cannons can be heard from the harbor.
Everyone told lies. He will return. My love has won! He will come back to love me.
Shake the cherry blossoms. I want to be in the rain of flowers. Fill the room with flowers. Pick all the flowers in the garden and decorate the room.
Scuoti quella fronda di ciliegio
They decorate their rooms with flowers.
I will wear a bridal dress and a red flower in my hair.
Three holes are made in the shoji, and Butterfly, Suzuki, and the child look out at the garden through the peepholes. Later in the night, Suzuki and the child fall asleep. Butterfly stands and waits.
Coro a bocca chiusa: Humming Chorus
Madama Butterfly, Opera: Act3, Synopsis
Butterfly’s house
Morning. Butterfly is standing and waiting. Suzuki wakes up.
Suzuki
Please rest. When he comes, I will call you.
Butterfly returns to her room with her child. Sound of knocking. Sharpless and Pinkerton appear.
Suzuki
Ah!
Please be quiet.
Suzuki
She waited for you all night.
How did she know I was back?
Suzuki
Because she has been watching the ships pass through the harbor for three years without fail. I call her.
No, wait.
Suzuki
Please take a look. She has decorated the room with flowers to welcome you.
Suzuki looks at the foreign woman a short distance away from the garden.
Suzuki
Who is that woman?
She came with me.
She is his wife. We came early this morning to see you. We need your help. There is no comfort in Butterfly’s grief. But we must ensure the future of his child. Would you be willing to speak with his wife first?
Io so che alle sue pene
Suzuki
You are asking a terrible favor of me.
Suzuki goes to see Pinkerton’s wife.
The room is exactly as it was then. There is my portrait! I can’t stay here. Farewell, my blossoming home of joy and love. I cannot see her sadness!
Addio fiorito asil
He runs off.
Kate Pinkerton
Will you tell her? I will take good care of her child.
Butterfly comes out of the room.
Suzuki
You should not come here.
Is he here?
She looks at the American woman.
Who is she?
Suzuki is crying. Sharpless tries to explain.
(To Sharpless) You say nothing. I might die at this moment.
(To Suzuki) You are a good person. Answer with yes or no. Is he alive?
Suzuki
Yes.
He arrived yesterday but did not come here.
Please forgive her.
Oh, she’s his wife. It’s over!
Kate Pinkerton
Would you be willing to give us your child?
I would give him my child. After a while, tell him to come here.
Sharpless and Pinkerton’s wife leave.
Light and spring are hard. Close the windows.
Suzuki
I will be by your side.
You play with my child.
Butterfly leads Suzuki out of the room. She takes a dagger out of a small box. Suzuki lets the child into the room.
Sweet boy. You are the child of the lily and the rose. I choose to die for you. I will die so that when you grow up, you will not have to suffer the pain of your mother’s abandonment.
Tu? tu? piccolo Iddio!
She blindfolds her child. She stabs herself. Pinkerton’s voice from outside the room.
Butterfly!
Pinkerton and Sharpless enter the room. She points at the child and dies.