Otello: Character Map
Otello: Roles
Otello | a Moorish general | tenor |
Iago | Otello’s ensign | baritone |
Desdemona | Otello’s wife | soprano |
Emilia | Iago’s wife, maid of Desdemona | mezzo-soprano |
Cassio | Otello’s captain | tenor |
Roderigo | a gentleman of Venice | tenor |
Lodovico | ambassador of the Venetian Republic | bass |
Montano | former Governor of Cyprus | bass |
- Native title: Otello
- Composers: Giuseppe Verdi
- Librettist: Arrigo Boito
- Based on: Othello by Shakespeare
- Language: Italian
- Premiere: February 5, 1887, Teatro alla Scala, Milan
- Running time: 2 hours 20 minutes (Act 1: 35 minutes, Act 2: 35 minutes, Act 3: 40 minutes, Act 4: 30 minutes)
Otello: Summary
Events before the main story
Otello, the general of the island of Cyprus, has appointed Cassio as his captain. Iago has a grudge against Otello and is jealous of Cassio.
Otello
On the night of Otello’s victory over the enemy, the people are having a feast. Iago gets Cassio drunk and makes him misbehave. Otello is furious and dismisses Cassio as captain.
I pretend to adore Otello, but I hate that Moor.
Iago makes Otello suspect that his wife is cheating on him.
Look at me. Who are you?
I am the faithful wife of Otello.
Otello kills Desdemona in a fit of jealousy. Iago’s ruse is exposed. Otello chooses to die himself.
Otello: Act1, Synopsis
A seaside town on the island of Cyprus
At dusk, in a storm, the Venetian fleet, led by Otello, and the Turkish fleet are fighting offshore. The Cypriots watch from the seaside.
The Cypriots
The sails. The flag.
Una vela!
Montano
The flag of the winged lion!
That’s General Otello’s ship!
The sound of thunder and cannon fire.
Montano
It has sunk… no, it has risen!
All
The lightning flashes and the thunder roars. O God, the light in the storm. O God, who brings blessing to the dunes! Protect the ships and flags that hold the fate of Venice in your hands.
Roderigo
The sails are torn!
(whispering)I hope that the Sea of Storms will become the tomb of Otello.
All
We’re saved! Get the boats!
General Otello, on the island of Cyprus, lands with his sailors and soldiers.
Rejoice! The Muslims have sunk into the sea. Glory be to us and God! After the battle, they were hit by a storm.
Esultate! L’orgoglio musulmano sepolto è in mar
All
Long live Otello. Victory.
Outside the celebration, Iago and Rodrigo are talking in the shadows.
Rodrigo, what are you thinking about?
Roderigo
I’m thinking of throwing myself into the sea.
Foolish! Are you willing to die for a woman? Be calm and wait for the right moment. The beautiful Desdemona you admire will soon grow tired of the thick lips of the barbarian. I swear to you. I swear to you that Desdemona will be yours. I pretend to adore Otello, but I hate that Moor.
Cassio appears at the feast with his soldiers.
The reason for my anger is Cassio. Otello chose him to be captain of the navy. I should have been chosen over Cassio. I’m still the Moor’s ensign. Well, if I were that Moor, I wouldn’t want Iago on my side.
Night. A bonfire is lit for the feast.
All
O fire of joy, blaze up with cheerfulness. Flames, drive away the night with your radiance.
Fuoco di gioia
The fire goes out and the storm subsides. Iago, Cassio, and Roderigo are having a drink.
Let’s drink. The whole of Cyprus is celebrating.
No, I don’t drink anymore.
Let’s drink. Celebrate the marriage of Otello and Desdemona.
Cassio drinks.
She is as beautiful as a flower on the beach.
Cassio’s words are flattering. Cassio has a girlfriend, Bianca. Iago knows this too.
(Whispering to Roderigo) Listen to what Cassio has to say.
Her beauty will be admired by all.
Roderigo
She is beautiful and modest.
(Whispering to Roderigo) Cassio will be a hindrance to your love. You must get him drunk.
(To the waitress) Come on, bring us lots of alcohol.
The waitress brings a lot of alcohol.
Wet your throat. Cheers.
Inaffia l’ugola!
Real wine, made from grapes, clouds my thinking.
(Whispering to Roderigo) Look. Cassio is drunk. Pick a fight with him. Interrupt Otello’s wedding night.
Roderigo
Let’s quarrel with him.
Montano, the former Governor of Cyprus, arrives from the castle.
Montano
Captain Cassio. The soldiers are waiting for you at the fort.
I’ll be there soon.
He was so drunk he could hardly walk.
Montano
(Whispering to Iago) What an abomination. I have to tell Otello about this.
(whispering) He’s always like this.
Roderigo and the people laugh at the drunken Cassio.
Who laughed at me?
Roderigo
Everyone can’t help but laugh when they see a drunkard.
Cassio and Roderigo get into a fight.
Montano
Captain Cassio. Stop fighting.
If you interfere with me, I’ll smash your head in.
Montano
Drunken bullshit…
Did you just call me a drunk?
Cassio draws his sword and Montano takes up his weapon.
(Whispering to Roderigo) You must go to the harbor and shout that it is a riot. Spread the word about the riot. And ring the half-bell.
(To Cassio and Montano) Stop it, both of you.
Rodrigo runs out. The women are running away from the scene and the men are trying to stop them. The sound of bells is heard.
Otello arrives with people in tow.
Put down your swords, both of you.
Cassio and Montano stop fighting.
What’s going on? Loyal Iago, explain the situation to me.
I don’t know. Everyone was polite and enjoying themselves. Suddenly something distracted them and they picked up their weapons and fought.
Cassio. How could you have forgotten so much about your role?
Have mercy. I don’t know how this happened to me.
Montano, wounded, is supported by a soldier.
Montano
I have been wounded.
My blood is burning. It seems that my guardian angel is fleeing in anger.
Desdemona, Otello’s wife, appears.
How dare you disturb the sleep of my beloved Desdemona! Cassio, you are no longer captain.
Cassio drops his sword and Iago picks it up. He gives Cassio’s sword to a soldier.
(whispering) I won.
Iago. Take your men and restore peace to the city. Montano, you must be treated in the castle. Everyone go back to your homes. I’ll stay here.
The people leave. Otello and Desdemona.
Already the bustle fades into the night. Already my anger has been softened by your embrace and I have come to my senses. After the huge anger, there is a huge love.
Già nella notte densa s’estingue ogni clamor
My proud warrior. How much suffering, sad sighs, and hope have led us to sweet embraces.
Do you remember? How you have told me your story, your heroic deeds, your long and painful sorrows.
The trembling before the battle, the charge for the breakthrough.
You led me to the desert, to the burning land, to your home. I have heard from you the suffering of chains and slavery.
My story has been enhanced by your beautiful face, your tears, and your sighs.
I have found a real glow between your dark temples.
You loved my sorrow, and I loved your compassion.
I loved your sorrow, and you loved my compassion.
Death, come to me. Catch me amid happiness. Catch me in the best moment of embrace. I am afraid of this joy of the soul. I fear that in an unknown future, this sacred moment will never be allowed to me again.
God will scatter your afflictions. Our love does not change with the passing of the years.
They hug each other and return to the castle.
The cause of Otello’s tragedy… Otello believes that Desdemona’s love for him is out of “pity and compassion”. He is afraid that her love will one day cool down.
Otello: Act2, Synopsis
A room in the castle facing the gardens
A glass door separates the room from the garden. The room has a balcony.
Don’t worry. If you believe me, you can be reinstated as captain and return to your love affair with Bianca. You can go back to being a captain, a job she would be proud of.
Don’t flatter me.
Listen carefully to what I have to say. Lady Desdemona is our general’s further general. Otello lives for her. You should ask her for reinstatement. A kind heart will be able to help you.
But how do I talk to her?
She has a habit of going for walks. She rests in the shade of the trees with my wife. You wait for her here. The way of salvation is now open to you. Now go.
Cassio heads for the gardens.
Go ahead. I know what you want.
I believe in the cruel God who created me. When I am angry, I call on him. Man’s fate is a game of misfortune. Death is nothing. Heaven is a fairy tale.
Credo in un Dio crudel
Desdemona and her handmaiden Emilia appear in the garden.
Pull yourself together, Cassio. This is the perfect moment.
Desdemona and Cassio have a conversation.
If Otello comes here now. O devil, help me in my plot. She is smiling with a beautiful face. That smile is enough to ruin Otello.
Iago is about to leave the room but stops.
No, wait. Luck has come to me. Otello is here.
Iago is motionless on the balcony, looking at the garden. Desdemona and Cassio in the garden. Iago pretends not to notice Otello and talks to himself.
This is going to be a problem.
Otello approaches Iago. Otello looks at the garden in the same way as Iago.
Is it Cassio who is about to walk away from my wife?
Cassio? It was as if he felt guilty about meeting you.
That one certainly looked like a Cassio, though.
You have known Cassio since the time you and your wife met. Do you trust Cassio?
He delivered my gifts and letters to her. Cassio is sincere.
Sincere?
What are you hiding in your heart?
I’m hiding it?
Why are you repeating my words? Earlier you murmured that this was going to be a problem. What were you afraid of? When I mention Cassio’s name, you frown. If you have any respect for me, tell me honestly.
Iago approaches Otello and whispers to him.
Beware of jealousy.
How miserable. There is no point in doubting. Before doubt, there must be an investigation; after doubt, there must be proof. After doubt has been proved…I have my own supreme rule. Let love and jealousy be scattered together.
Singing from afar. Desdemona and the women, children, and sailors of the island of Cyprus are in the garden. The islanders give Desdemona flowers and gifts for her wedding and play and sing.
All
Where your gaze shines, the heart burns like fire. Where you walk, flowers dance in the air. At the holy altar, among the lilies and roses, fathers, sons, and wives come to sing.
Dove guardi splendono raggi
Children
I offer you the sweet stalk of the lily.
Women
Let’s scatter flowers on the ground and in the sky. Let us scatter flowers for the blonde bride of April.
The sky is shining, the wind is dancing, the scent of flowers is in the air.
Otello and Iago watch them.
Her song intoxicates me. If she deceives me, God will despise himself.
It’s a sweet hymn where beauty and love are one. But I’ll break their sweet tune.
Desdemona and Emilia thank the islanders for their hospitality. They then come into the room where Otello and Iago are.
There is the plea of a man who suffers under your scorn.
D’un uom che geme sotto il tuo disdegno la preghiera ti porto
Who is it?
Cassio.
Was it him? The one you were talking to under the tree.
That’s right. I was moved by his suffering. He is worthy to be forgiven by you.
Not now. My temples are burning.
Desdemona spreads a handkerchief to bind Othello’s forehead.
The nasty fever will disappear. If my hands wrap you in a soft cloth.
Otello throws away her handkerchief.
I don’t need it.
Why are you angry?
Just leave me alone.
Emilia, the maid, picks up a handkerchief from the floor.
If I have unintentionally sinned against you, please forgive me with sweet and gentle words. I am a modest and gentle wife. But you are sighing and looking at the ground. Look at my face. See how love speaks.
Is she deceiving me? I do not understand the tricks of love. Is it because I am old, or because I have darkness in my face, that I do not understand anything? She will leave me and I will be ridiculed.
Iago approaches Emilia, his wife, and maid.
Give me that cloth.
Emilia
What are you up to? I know how wicked you are.
You are a dirty slave of Iago.
Emilia
I have a feeling that something terrible is going to happen.
Iago beats Emilia. He takes Desdemona’s handkerchief from her.
Forgive me for my sweet and gentle words.
Get out of here. I want to be alone.
Desdemona and Emilia leave the room. Iago returns, pretending to leave. Otello sits in a chair, alone and distressed.
Has Desdemona committed a crime?
Iago is at the back of the room. He looks at the handkerchief and puts it in his jacket.
I shall take this cloth as proof of her crime of love. I will hide it in Cassio’s house.
Did she have an affair? What a horrible thought.
My poison is working. Suffer more.
Iago approaches from behind Otello.
Don’t think any further.
Otello is surprised.
Go away. You have bound me to the cross.
Farewell, sacred memory. Farewell, the joy of the enchanted heart. Glorious army! The sacred banner of victory. This is the end of Othello’s glory.
Ora e per sempre addio sante memorie
Please remain calm.
Find solid evidence that Desdemona is impure. Find tangible proof. Otherwise, the thunder of my wrath will fall on your head.
He grabs Iago by the throat and knocks him down.
Protect me, O God. I am no longer ensign of Otello. I want the world to bear witness to the dangers of honesty.
Iago tries to leave.
No, stay. You are honest. I believe Desdemona to be honest. I believe she is dishonest. I believe you are honest. I believe you are dishonest. I want proof. I want to be sure.
What kind of evidence would you like to see? Do you want to see them embracing each other? But I have a guess, and it will lead you to the proof.
It was night. Cassio was asleep and I was by his side. I heard him talking in his sleep.
My dear Desdemona. Our love is not known to Otello. Let us be wary. I curse the unhappy fate that the Moors have brought upon you.
Era la notte, Cassio dormia
It’s a horrible crime.
I was just telling you about Cassio’s dream. I have another clue. Do you know about Desdemona’s thin cloth trimmed with flowers?
It was the first pledge of love I gave her.
Yesterday I saw Desdemona’s handkerchief in Cassio’s hand.
Otello kneels and swears.
O God, give Cassio thousands of lives. One life is not enough for my wrath.
I swear on a sky like marble. I swear by the lightning. I swear by the sea of death and darkness. I will raise my hands in anger. Only then will my hands shine.
Si, pel ciel marmoreo giuro!
Otello raises his hands to the sky. Otello tries to stand up, but Iago stops him.
Don’t get up yet. The witness is the sun that I see. I give my heart, my arms, and my soul to Otello. Even if the bloody deed is your will, I will obey.
Otello and Iago raise their hands to the sky.
Otello and Iago
I swear on a sky like marble. I swear by the lightning. I swear by the sea of death and darkness. I will raise my hands in anger. Only then will my hands shine. O God of vengeance!
Otello: Act3, Synopsis
The Great Hall of the Castle
The messenger is sent to Otello and Iago.
The messenger
News from the harbor watch. A Venetian galley is on its way to Cyprus with an ambassador on board.
Okay. Keep an eye on the harbor.
The messenger leaves.
Shall I bring Cassio here? Let him talk to you. You can hide behind a pillar and watch him.
No, Desdemona has just arrived here. You go on as usual. I’m leaving. You must remember to ask her where her handkerchief is.
You must leave.
Desdemona comes into the hall.
Good day to you. My darling.
Dio ti giocondi, o sposo
Thank you. Give me your hands, as beautiful as ivory.
My hands have never known sorrow and years.
Is there not an evil lurking in these hands?
I have given my hand and my heart to you. But I must say again about Cassio.
I’ve got a headache. Wrap me up in your handkerchief.
Yes, please.
No, I want the handkerchief I gave you.
I don’t have it.
Desdemona. That handkerchief is a highly magical object made by a powerful sorcerer. If you lose it or give it away, you will be unhappy.
Are you telling the truth?
It’s true. Have you lost it?
No, it’s not. I’ll look for it.
You are making fun of me. In this way, you deflect my questioning of Cassio. Your actions are sly.
Handkerchief!
Cassio would be your dearest friend. Please forgive him.
Look at me. Tell me who you are.
I am the faithful wife of Otello.
There seems to be anger in you. I don’t understand. Look at me. I will reveal my face and my soul to you. I pray to heaven for you. I shed hot tears for you.
Desdemona, leave.
Why are you crying? I don’t know the reason for your tears. Did I do something wrong?
Are you not a vulgar whore?
O, God! I am not the kind of person to be described by those terrible words.
Otello takes Desdemona’s hand and tries to get her to leave the hall.
Give me your hands, as beautiful as ivory. I want to make amends to you. Somehow I seem to have mistaken you for a vile whore.
Otello sends Desdemona out of the hall.
O God, you could have cast all the evil on me. The glory of my victory became rubble and lies. And I have borne a cruel cross.
I want proof.
Dio! mi potevi scagliar tutti i mali
Iago comes back.
Cassio is coming. You have to stay hidden.
Otello hides and Cassio appears in the hall.
Come in, there’s no one in the hall. Captain.
Vieni, l’aula è deserta
Even though you call me by an honorable name, it still sounds empty to me. Here, I hope to meet Lady Desdemona. Did you arrange for me to meet her? I want to talk to her.
My wife’s name!
Tell me a little about her that makes me crazy about you. (Whispering: It’s your girlfriend, Bianca.)
You’re fascinated by her eyes, aren’t you? It is said in this world that he who wins laughs.
Don’t make me laugh. If it’s a duel, it’s probably true.
They both laugh.
The wicked man triumphs and his mockery kills me!
Listen to me for a moment.
Iago forces Cassio to leave Otello’s side.
You know where I live, don’t you? It seems that someone has placed an embroidered cloth in my house.
It’s strange.
I can’t hear their conversation. I wonder where I can go.
Do you have it?
Cassio takes a handkerchief from his chest.
Have a look.
How lovely. (Otello must be eavesdropping.) In the house of a beautiful knight, the angels will forget their halo and their veil.
Iago makes sure that Otello can see the handkerchief.
Ruin and death. All is lost. Love and sorrow. My soul is no longer moved by anyone.
Iago returns the handkerchief to Cassio.
This cloth is a spider’s web. It haunts your heart, it entangles you, it kills you.
Questa è una ragna dove il tuo cuor casca
This cloth is a miracle of beauty. White and light, like snow. Like a cloud woven into the veil of the sky.
This is a betrayal. It’s proof.
The sound of trumpets announcing the arrival of Venetian ships.
It seems that the boat from Venice has arrived. If you don’t want to see Otello, you’d better leave.
Cassio leaves the hall. Otello stops hiding.
How shall we kill her?
Did you see him laughing? Did you see the handkerchief?
I’ve seen it all.
People’s voices
Hooray! The ship has arrived.
I want her to drink poison in the night.
She should be smothered. In her bed, where she has committed the crime.
Your judgment is more peaceful to my mind.
(In a low voice) Cassio… let me do it.
Iago. I appoint you captain.
Thank you. Let’s welcome the ambassador. It would be better for Desdemona to appear before the ambassadors to avoid suspicion.
Otello and Iago leave the hall.
The nobles and dignitaries on the island of Cyprus gather in the hall. They welcome the Venetian ambassador.
Lodovico
(To Otello) I have a message for the general.
(To Iago) What’s new? Why is Cassio not here?
The ambassador gives Otello a document. Otello begins to read.
Cassio had angered Otello.
I believe that he will be back soon.
Do you think so?
Maybe he’ll come back.
Iago. I think so too. You know if I have a true affection for Cassio.
Shut up, the devil.
Lodovico
Don’t do it.
Call Cassio.
Cassio appears in the hall.
I have been ordered to return to Venice. My successor is Cassio.
Hell and death.
I will follow orders.
(Whispering to Desdemona) Weep as much as you like.
(To the people) I leave everything to the new general.
Desdemona approaches Otello pleadingly.
Lodovico
Otello, please, comfort her, or you’ll break her heart.
We sail tomorrow. (Grasping Desdemona) Bow down and weep.
Desdemona falls. Othello throws the paper on the ground, but Iago picks it up and reads it secretly. The maid and the ambassador help Desdemona to her feet.
I am prostrate on the ground, covered in mud and weeping. Once there was happiness, now there is suffering.
Emilia
The Pure One is suffering. No one does not shed a tear for her.
Roderigo
Desdemona, the golden angel, is leaving me.
My fate was sealed. It was left to my helpless hands. It must have been the storm that raised me to the heights.
Iago whispers to Otello.
You will take your revenge on her as planned. I’m going to get rid of Cassio.
That’s right.
Iago whispers to Roderigo, the man who is in love with Desdemona.
If the ship sails at dawn, Cassio is the general. But if something happens, Otello will remain here. If Otello stays, Desdemona will also stay here. I will let you know when to kill Cassio. You will kill Cassio.
Roderigo
I have sold you my honor and my power.
(To the people in the hall) Come on, everyone, get out of here.
Otello and Iago remain in the hall.
I don’t know how to get away from this blood. When I think of those two together… handkerchiefs. Ah!
Otello faints. From the outside, people are praising him.
People’s voices
Long live Otello. Glory to the Lion of Venice.
Iago points triumphantly at the unconscious Otello.
This is the lion.
Otello: Act4, Synopsis
Desdemona’s bedroom
At night, in a lamp-lit room, there is Desdemona and her maid Emilia.
Emilia
Was Otello calm?
I think so. He ordered me to lie down and wait for him.
Emilia. Spread out on my bed my white bridal gown. If I die before you, bury me in that veil.
Emilia
Please do not think that way.
My mother had a poor maid. She loved a man, but he left her. She used to sing “The Willow Song”.
‘Comb my hair, please.
“In the wilderness, where she sang and cried, she cried with sadness. Willow, willow, willow.”
Poor little thing. The song ends like this.
“He was born for his glory, I was born to love.”
Can’t you hear sobbing? Be quiet. Who’s knocking at the door?
Piangea cantando nell’erma landa
Emilia
It’s the wind.
“To love him and to die, I will sing. Willow, willow, willow.”
My eyelashes are burning. It’s a sign of tears. Good night. Goodbye, Emilia.
Emilia leaves, looking worried. Alone, she prays.
Maria, full of charity. O woman was chosen from wives and maidens. Jesus, born of the Blessed One. Pray for those who adore you and rely on you. Pray for us. In all times, even in death. Ave Maria. …even unto death.
Ave Maria
Otello enters the room through a hidden door. Otello kisses Desdemona three times and she wakes up.
Who is that there? Otello?
Have you finished your night prayers? If you remember the sins you have committed, you can pray. I don’t want to kill your heart.
Diceste questa sera le vostre preci
Do you want to kill me?
That’s right. Think of your sins.
My sin is that I loved. Am I to die for having loved you?
You love Cassio.
I don’t love Cassio. Please call him. He will talk to you.
Cassio can’t say anything forever.
Is he dead? It’s over. He must have been tricked by someone.
Are you going to cry for him?
Otello… will not kill me.
He strangles Desdemona.
It is as silent as a tomb.
Emilia knocks on the door.
Emilia
Open the door, please! Something terrible has happened. Cassio has killed Roderigo.
Aprite! Aprite!
What happened to Cassio?
Emilia
He is alive.
Desdemona moans from her bed.
I will be killed unjustly. I will die without sin.
Emilia
Who did it!
It’s no one. It’s me. …I die without sin. Goodbye.
I killed her. She was Cassio’s mistress. Ask your husband, Iago.
Emilia
Foolish. Did you believe him!
Do you deny it?
Otello grabs Emilia.
Emilia
I’m not afraid of you. Somebody! Come, please. Otello has killed Desdemona!
People rush into the room.
Iago, Cassio, Lodovico
What’s all the fuss? (Looking at Desdemona) Terrible!
Emilia
(To Iago) You disprove this dastardly murderer. Did you think that Desdemona had been unfaithful to him? Speak!
That’s what I believed.
Desdemona gave Cassio the handkerchief that I had once given her.
Emilia
God!
Shut up!
Emilia
This man took her handkerchief from me by force.
And did I end up finding that handkerchief in my house?
Montano enters the room.
Montano
The dying Roderigo revealed all of Iago’s schemes.
Explain yourself!
I refuse.
Iago runs away and the soldiers leave in pursuit of him.
Lodovico
Put down your sword.
What are you talking about? No one needs to be afraid of me. The path I followed is over. The glory of Otello is over!
(Drops his sword. Approaches the bed, looks at Desdemona.)
And you… How pale you are. A pious woman born under an evil star. Desdemona, you’re dead. I still have my weapon.
Niun mi tema
Otello stabs himself with a dagger.
Please don’t do this.
Lodovico and Montano
Pity.
Before I killed you, I kissed you. Now you’re dead, lying in the dark. I wanted to kiss you again.
Otello breathes his last.